Quaker Theology

B. Quaker Divisions & Theological Conflict

Explores the recurring theological divisions within Quakerism, from disputes over doctrine and authority to schisms between evangelical, Conservative, and liberal Friends, and the continuing struggle over ministry, tradition, unity, and the boundaries of Quaker identity.

  • The Trouble With “Ministers”

    The article explores the historical and contemporary debates surrounding the revival of recorded ministry among liberal unprogrammed Friends. It highlights the problematic two-tier system that once existed, where ministers and elders held control and privilege, and warns against repeating this hierarchical structure. The author calls for a thoughtful, historically informed approach that upholds equality and…

  • “Three Hundred Fifty Years of the Society of Friends in North America: 1661-2011″*

    This post reviews Geoffrey Kaiser’s comprehensive chart depicting 350 years of Quaker history in North America, highlighting the complex schisms primarily between evangelical and liberal Friends. Kaiser, influenced by Robert Barclay’s theology, emphasizes the universality of the Inner Light and explores ongoing theological and social tensions within Quakerism, including acceptance of LGBTQ+ individuals. The chart…

  • Postscript: Allen Jay on the Spirit of Separation

    The article highlights Allen Jay’s role as a peacemaker among divided Quaker groups in the nineteenth century. Jay emphasized the futility of separation over doctrinal differences and advocated for unity and mutual respect among Friends. His reflections provide insight into the negative impact of divisions on the Quaker community and the importance of love and…

  • “Wrestling With Our Faith Tradition”* A Review

    The post reviews Lloyd Lee Wilson’s book on Conservative Quakerism, critiquing his portrayal of a “classic Quaker tradition” that blends traditional Quaker beliefs with various modern spiritual ideas. The review highlights Wilson’s overly individualistic peace testimony, problematic biblical interpretations, and an unacknowledged history of communal oversight’s oppressive potential, while cautioning against his dismissive stance toward…

  • Quaker History & Theology: Three Interviews

    This post presents interviews with three scholars exploring various dimensions of Quaker history and theology. Thomas Hamm discusses contemporary American Quakerism’s diversity and challenges; Thomas Kennedy examines theological shifts and institutional changes within British Quakerism from 1860-1920; and Erin Bell investigates editorial changes in early Quaker writings and their implications for understanding Quaker history and…

  • Growing Up Plain, Conservative Quakerism

    This post reviews Wilmer Cooper’s memoir, “Growing Up Plain,” which reflects on his childhood experience within the declining Wilburite Conservative Quaker tradition. It highlights the culture of strictness, anti-intellectualism, and austere lifestyle that led Cooper to leave this insular community in pursuit of education and broader engagement with the world. The post contrasts Wilburite decline…