Quaker Theology

Origins of Liberal & Progressive Quakerism

Traces the historical development of Progressive Quakerism from early challenges to Quaker orthodoxy through the Progressive Friends movement, Spiritualist experimentation, the emergence of liberal Quaker theology, the influence of Joel and Hannah Bean, British liberalism, and twentieth-century Liberal Quaker thought.

  • “Authenticity of Historic Progressive Quakerism”

    The article explores the authenticity of liberal Progressive Quakerism, emphasizing its inclusive and non-creedal approach grounded in historical Quaker theology, scripture, and evolving faith practices. It highlights key figures and historical developments that shaped this tradition, arguing for the coherence and vitality of liberal Quaker identity despite theological diversity. The piece also discusses contemporary challenges…

  • “Edward Hicks” Speaks– A Specimen of Quaker Theology In Transition, 1852

    This post presents a 1851 “spirit message” from Edward Hicks, conveyed through Isaac Post’s Spiritualist writings, reflecting on Hicks’s struggles with sectarianism and his evolving Quaker theology. Hicks emphasizes the importance of overcoming sectarian divisions, living a life of love and temperance, and the spiritual harmony beyond physical life. He critiques rigid religious structures and…

  • “George Fox” Speaks

    This post presents a spiritual communication attributed to George Fox, emphasizing the need for progressive spiritual growth and the dangers of rigid sectarianism within Christianity. It highlights Fox’s vision of embracing love and mercy over strict doctrinal adherence and encourages continuous personal and spiritual development.

  • “Remaking Friends: How Progressive Friends Changed Quakerism & Helped Save America, 1822-1940″* A Review

    This review of Chuck Fager’s *Remaking Friends* examines the historical role of the Progressive Friends, a radical nineteenth-century Quaker group influential in shaping modern liberal Quakerism. The book highlights their activism in abolition, women’s rights, and liberal theology, while also noting tensions with mainstream Hicksite Quakers and connections to Unitarian and broader reform movements. Despite…

  • An Excerpt from Remaking Friends: How Progressive Friends Changed Quakerism & Helped Save America, 1822-1940

    This post explores the relationship between Progressive Friends, spiritualism, and social reform in the 19th century, highlighting figures like Isaac Post and Elizabeth Buffum Chace. It discusses how spiritualism provided comfort to the bereaved and aligned with the Progressive Friends’ commitment to science and social progress, despite some opposition and declining popularity after the Civil…

  • Beyond Liberalism: Rufus Jones and Thomas Kelly in the History of Liberal Religion

    The article explores the lives and theology of Rufus Jones and Thomas Kelly, highlighting their unique blend of mysticism and social activism in the context of early 20th-century liberal Quakerism. It examines their theological contributions, personal struggles, and their impact on religious liberalism, emphasizing their radical departures from mainstream liberal thought and their deep devotional…

  • Hannah Barnard — a Liberal Quaker Hero

    The post recounts the life and ministry of Hannah Barnard, a bold and assertive female minister in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, who championed liberal Quaker theology and challenged orthodox evangelical authority, particularly on scriptural interpretation and the peace testimony. Despite being disowned for her views, Barnard remained influential as a pioneer of…

  • Isaac and Amy Post Family Papers

    The Isaac and Amy Post Family Papers, spanning 1817 to 1918, detail their extensive involvement in 19th-century social reform movements including abolitionism, women’s rights, and spiritualism. The Posts, Hicksite Quakers and active reformers, utilized their home as an Underground Railroad station and were key figures connecting notable activists such as Frederick Douglass and Susan B.…

  • Joel & Hannah Bean — Reluctant Rebels

    The post chronicles the lives and influence of Joel and Hannah Bean, who became foundational figures in modern liberal Quakerism by resisting revivalist holiness movements in 19th-century Iowa and preserving traditional Quaker beliefs like the universal Inner Light and unprogrammed worship. Their legacy includes the establishment of the College Park Meeting and the shaping of…

  • Landmark: Manchester 1895

    The 1895 Manchester Conference marked a pivotal moment in British Quaker history, showcasing a rising liberal movement challenging evangelical doctrines and emphasizing a more progressive, intellectual approach to faith and scripture. The conference highlighted tensions over biblical authority, worship styles, gender roles, and class distinctions within Quakerism, setting the stage for ongoing internal conflicts and…

  • Lucretia Mott, Liberal Quaker Theologian

    This post argues that Lucretia Mott was a pivotal figure in the creation of liberal American Quaker theology, despite her own denials of engaging in theology. It traces her theological influences, her challenges to traditional Quaker hierarchy and beliefs, and her role in the Progressive Friends movement that reshaped Quaker governance and beliefs in the…

  • The Exposition of Sentiments, 1853

    The 1853 “Exposition of Sentiments” by the Pennsylvania Yearly Meeting of Progressive Friends outlines a foundational vision for liberal Quakerism, emphasizing individual conscience over ecclesiastical authority, the rejection of rigid dogma, and active social reform. The document critiques traditional church structures and calls for a religious association grounded in practical goodness, inclusivity, and moral responsibility.

  • Beyond the Age of Amnesia

    This article examines the historical development and theological evolution of 20th-century liberal Quakerism, highlighting the overlooked influence of the Progressive Friends movement. It discusses how Progressive Friends challenged traditional Quaker ecclesiology and hierarchy, emphasizing individual conscience, democratic congregationalism, and social reform, while also noting their complex relationship with Spiritualism. The piece calls for renewed scholarly…

  • Beyond the Age of Amnesia: Charting the Course of 20th Century Liberal Quaker Theology

    This article examines the overlooked evolution of 20th century Liberal Quaker theology, focusing on the influence of the Progressive Friends movement and key figures like Jesse Herman Holmes. It explores how the Progressives challenged traditional Quaker ecclesiology, emphasized individual conscience and reform, and contributed to the shaping of Friends General Conference’s liberal outlook, while also…

  • Divine Protection through Extraordinary Dangers

    This post recounts the remarkable story of Jacob and Elizabeth Goff and their family’s experiences during the Irish Rebellion of 1798, highlighting their steadfast Quaker pacifism and reliance on divine protection. It details the severe trials they endured, including threats, loss, and violence, while maintaining their testimonies of peace and faith. The narrative also describes…